Module 20 of 30Lesson 1 of 2 · S-F1 Collecting and Showing Data
Statistics strand · Unit S-F1 · Prepares for C9.1–C9.3

Collecting & Showing Data

🟢 FoundationTally it, chart it, read it

1 Learn it
🔑 Data comes in two flavours: categorical (words: favourite fruit, eye colour) and numerical (numbers: height, number of goals). The chart must fit the flavour.

Tally charts record data in groups of five — four strokes and a gate: 卌. Count tallies to get the frequency (how many).

Bar chart rules the exam checks: equal-width bars, gaps between bars for categorical data, both axes labelled, frequency axis starts at 0 with an even scale.

Pictograms use a symbol for a fixed number — ALWAYS read the key. If ⚽ = 4 goals, then half a symbol = 2 goals.

Favourite fruit — Form 1 class 02468 MangoOrangeBananaApple Frequency
Mango 6, Orange 8, Banana 4, Apple 2 — total 20 students. Bars equal width, with gaps.

2 Watch it work
EXAMPLE 1

From the bar chart: how many students took part, and which fruit is the mode (most popular)?

6 + 8 + 4 + 2 = 20 students; tallest bar = Orange (the mode).

EXAMPLE 2

The tally for “walks to school” shows 卌 卌 III. What is the frequency?

5 + 5 + 3 = 13.

EXAMPLE 3

In a pictogram, 🍞 = 8 loaves. Tuesday shows 3 whole symbols and one half symbol. How many loaves?

3 × 8 + 4 = 28 loaves.

EXAMPLE 4

How many MORE chose Mango than Apple?

6 − 2 = 4. “How many more” always means subtract.

3 Your turn — try first, then reveal
🚫 No calculator[1 mark]

Q1. Write the frequency shown by the tally 卌 卌 卌 II.

👀 Show answer
✍️ How your working should look in the exam
17   ✓ B1
Why this works
Three gates of 5 plus 2 strokes.

🚫 No calculator[2 marks]

Q2. From the bar chart above: how many students chose Banana or Apple?

👀 Show answer
✍️ How your working should look in the exam
4 + 2 = 6   ✓ M1 A1
Why this works
Read each bar, then add.

🚫 No calculator[2 marks]

Q3. In a pictogram 🚌 = 10 learners. Route A shows 4 whole symbols and one half. How many learners use Route A?

👀 Show answer
✍️ How your working should look in the exam
4 × 10 + 5 = 45   ✓ M1 A1
Why this works
Half a symbol = half of 10.

🚫 No calculator[1 mark]

Q4. Which type of data is “favourite radio station” — categorical or numerical?

👀 Show answer
✍️ How your working should look in the exam
categorical   ✓ B1
Why this works
The answers are names, not numbers.

🚫 No calculator[2 marks]

Q5. A learner draws a bar chart where the frequency axis starts at 3 instead of 0. Why is this misleading?

👀 Show answer
✍️ How your working should look in the exam
it exaggerates the differences — bars look many times taller than they should   ✓ B2
Why this works
Cutting the axis stretches small gaps into big visual ones.

4 Common mistakes — don’t lose easy marks
  • Ignoring the pictogram key — a symbol is rarely worth 1.
  • Bars of different widths or no gaps for categorical data.
  • Uneven frequency scales (0, 2, 4, 7, …) — keep steps equal.
  • Answering “how many more” with the larger number instead of the difference.
5 How the exam asks this

Paper 3 usually opens its statistics question with a chart read worth 1–2 marks. Core sharpens the numbers next: mean, median, mode and range in S-C1.

✅ Take the Check Yourself quiz below, then move up to the Core tier.